Blog Post #8

1. Which part (anatomy) or characteristic of the Brassica oleracea plants seems to exhibit the most variation (greatest number of different forms)? Which part or characteristic of the Brassica oleracea plants seems to show the greatest range of variation (biggest difference between one extreme and its opposite)? Use and include data collected from multiple measurements to support your answer.The leaves have the most expression of variation, they have different shape, size, and ratio between baby and grown leaves. The cabbage leaf in our flower bed had a 14:9 ratio. This ratio was found between three different plants, we measured two plants from each plant. The plants in the flower bed have different types of leaves, some had longer leaves with more inconsistent than the other plants, the brussels sprouts lead had a 3:1 ratio. The extremes for range show how the different plants have different sizes in the range of all of the brassica oleracea
2. Using the terms that follow, explain why you think there is so much variability in the domestic forms of Brassica oleracea: traits, selective breeding, artificial selection, genes, descent with modification, natural variations, mutations. There's a lot of variability between the Brassica Oleracea because of selective breeding. Which is the process of developing different phenotypic characteristics. Breeders of animals or plants made these differences based on what was most appealing, these plants were from the same family so the could create fertile offspring. Artificial selection chooses what type of plants are more prominent than others, as the breeders would only go for the most desirable traits. Mutations are a 
3. Which part (anatomy) of the Brassica oleracea plants seems to be most consistently the same in all of the examples in our garden, regardless of how extreme the differences between other parts of the same plants may be? Why do think this is so? Again, use and include data collected from multiple measurements to support your answer.
4. What would plant breeders have to do in order to get the body part or characteristic you described above (in your response to question #3) to become much different than it is presently?

TSOTS#8 by Elias

         1.The part of the Brassica Oleracea that seems to show the most difference would be the leaves, in their shapes, they are varied a lot between other types of Brassica Oleracea. An example of one of these variations of the leaves would be the cabbage, and the leaf size average of ratio is 1.64, compare this to the Kale leaf average of ratios which is 3.7  

2.There is so much variability in the domestic versions of Brassica oleracea because people are selective breeding to have the kinda plant they want.

3.The part of the Brassica oleracea plant that is the most consistent would be the flowers because they are all the same shape, color, and size. This is probably because of the selective breeding that humans have done over the years. Since, back in the day, they weren't searching for the look of the flower, they were searching for the best tasting Brassica oleracea plant

4.The plant breeders would need to think of a characteristic that they would like to be seen in that plant So, they have to find and choose parents that show the desired traits and breed them with each other. Then, they would take the best babys from the two parents and repeat the process until you want trait.

Student Blog Post #8 by Edrick Sok

1. Which part (anatomy) or characteristic of the Brassica oleracea plants seems to exhibit the most variation (greatest number of different forms)? Which part or characteristic of the Brassica oleracea plants seems to show the greatest range of variation (biggest difference between one extreme and its opposite)? Use and include data collected from multiple measurements to support your answer. The leaves of the plant seem to exhibit the most variation. For the cabbage leaves, the average of ratio from height to width is 1.55 and the average of ratio for kale leaves are about 3.5. This shows the the many ways the leaves can vary, they can be short and wide, skinny and long, or in the middle, qualitatively, the edges can show some variation as well. The part of the Brassica olercea variation that show the the greatest range of variation are also the leaves, the cabbage leaves can go from a 14:9 ratio, and the Brussels sprout leaves go starting from a ratio of 3:1.
2. Using the terms that follow, explain why you think there is so much variability in the domestic forms of Brassica oleracea: traits, selective breeding, artificial selection, genes, descent with modification, natural variations, mutations There are lots of variability in the domestic forms of Brassica oleracea because of selective breeding. Where the farmers and breeders would go and select plants (specifically the Brassica oleracea) of the same family, and breed it with a plant from the same family. Artificial selection determines what types of the plants are shown more than others, as the farmers or breeders would only go for the most desirable traits of the new plants. They favored the genes that made them delicious, bigger, easier to eat and so forth. The kids of the plants that were left to reproduce and pass down the previous traits to their offspring, called descent with modification. This increases the chance of seeing a plant with those traits out in the wild to common. There were lots of these different variations of the plants partly because of natural variation, where there are naturally different looks to the plants in nature. But, another way there are different looking plants, are because of mutations, those permanent alterations to the DNA, can be caused by the environment around them.    
3. Which part (anatomy) of the Brassica oleracea plants seems to be most consistently the same in all of the examples in our garden, regardless of how extreme the differences between other parts of the same plants may be? Why do think this is so? Again, use and include data collected from multiple measurements to support your answer.  The part of the plant that happens to be the same throughout all of the variations of the Brassica oleracea is the flower of the plants. I think this is so because, in the past, the selective breeders were looking for the variations of taste, size, and others, except for the looks of the flowers, since they had no point. The kale plant flowers had 4 petals and all the petals are aligned at a 90 degree angle. The Brussels Sprout flowers also had 4 petals that are also aligned at a 90 degree angle. The same with the broccoli.
4. What would plant breeders have to do in order to get the body part or characteristic you described above (in your response to question #3) to become much different than it is presently? The plant breeders would need to think of a characteristic that they would like to have more of. So, they have to find and choose parents that show the desired traits and breed them with each other. Then, they would take the best offspring from the two parents and repeat the process.

Blog Post #7

    Flowering plants reproduce in two steps. These two steps include the process of pollination . Pollination is when the pollen of the flower is going through flower to reach the stigma. Also when pollination happens between two species they can create to hybrid offsprings or plants. The second step of the process is the flower of extra seeds disperse to another breeding sight or growing site. That’s how I would explain how the flowering plants reproduce.

TSOTS#7

A plant fertilizes sexually, just like all other animals. They go through the process of meiosis,the process that reduces the number of chromosomes by half. The plants have both the male reproductive organs and the female reproductive organs. The stamen would release pollen grains in the air, setting up to be carried by another insect. The insect would carry the pollen to another flower. They would place the pollen grain onto the stigma of the carpel, where it would fall down the pollen tube. Where the sperm would join with the egg inside the ovary inside an ovule. This is the same for all of the ovules inside the ovary. After the fertilization happens, the ovules develops into a seed, containing an baby . Finally, when it matures it turns into a fruit, the seeds will grow off the fruit.

This is an anther. This is male reproductive system of the flower. The anther is a part of the Statement. Its role in the angiosperm is to release the pollen grains in the air, for hopes of being set on a stigma of a carpel of another flower and to make a seed/embryo.

This is the Stigma of the flower( i'm sorry for the angle of the picture). It's part of the female reproductive system of the flower. It's used as the entry point for the pollen. Where it is taken down the pollen tube inside the Style of the Carpel. The pollen tube goes down to the Ovary into the Ovules.this where the baby/embryo

Student Blog Post #7 by Edrick Sok

A plant fertilizes sexually, just like all other animals. They go through the process of meiosis, a way for them to reproduce, the process that reduces the number of chromosomes by half. The plants have both the male reproductive organs and the female reproductive organs. The stamen, the male organ, would release pollen grains in the air, setting up to be carried by another insect. The insect would carry the pollen to another flower. They would place the pollen grain onto the stigma of the carpel, where it would be sucked down the pollen tube. Where the sperm would join with the egg inside the ovary inside an ovule. This is the same for all of the ovules inside the ovary. After the fertilization happens, the ovules develops into a seed, containing an embryo. Finally, when it matures it turns into a fruit, the seeds will grow off the fruit.

This is an anther. This is part male reproductive system of the flower. The anther is a part of the Stamen and so is the Filament. Its role in the angiosperm is to release the pollen grains in the air, for hopes of being set on a stigma of a carpel of another flower.

This is the Stigma of the flower. It's part of the female reproductive system of the flower. It's used as the entry point for the pollen. Where it is taken down the pollen tube inside the Style of the Carpel. The pollen tube goes down to the Ovary into the Ovules.

TSOTS #6 by elias

1.  

 Our plant is getting bigger and adding biomass by going through the process of photosynthesis. A way for plants to make water by converting the sun's energy into water for the water. They would also use cellular respiration, to make sugars and food to eat. They can go through cell division, just like the animal cells. The mitosis process allows them to grow, getting larger through the process. Photosynthesis and cellular respiration keeps them alive while it is going through the process. I have noticed that it has not really grown in a while. I remembered that you told me that it might of been of a small animal eating some of the roots.

2. The way they can make more of these important enzymes is by going through the process of Transcription and Translation. Starting from the DNA, they transcribe to fit the mRNA. Then, they are taken out of the nucleus and toward the ribosomes. Which happens on the Rough Endoplasmic reticulum (ER). After that, they are later translated in the ribosome. The complex folding happens later in the Golgi Apparatus. Which creates another protein that is available for use.

Blog Post #6

My plant is getting bigger by th minute! It is adding biomass and growing by going through the process of photosynthesis. This is helpful for my plant because it create water and chemical energy which is then realeased. It also has a byproduct of oxygen. My plant also uses cellular respiration, this creates sugars for the plant to eat when photosynthesis can not happen, such as night time, this rotation of cellular respiration and photosynthesis helps grow the plant consistently. The plant also goes through cell division which creates two daughter cells from one parent cell, this also involves the plant growth since it is increasing it biomass. My plant goes through the whole process of cell division; interphase, prophase,  metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis. My plant is going trough these processes when the resources are available.
        The way they can make more of these important enzymes is is by goin through the process of transcription and translation. Starting from the DNA, they transcribe to fit the mRNA. Then, they are taken out of the nucleus and toward the ribosomes, this occurs on the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER). After that, they are translated in the ribosomes, they take in the mRNA by three; codons. These are read and made into amino acids.

Student Blog Post #6 How Does Your Garden Grow?

The Story Of The Seed

Blog Post #6

1. How is your plant getting bigger and adding biomass? Your explanation should correctly use the terms and concepts of cell division (mitosis), photosynthesis, and cellular respiration.                                                                                                                My plant is getting bigger and adding biomass by going through the process of photosynthesis. A way for plants to make water by converting the sun's energy into water for the water. They would also use cellular respiration, to make sugars and food to eat. They can go through cell division, just like the animal cells. Even if they don't have centrioles, they can still go through all of the phases like metaphase, interphase, anaphase, and telophase just like animal cells. The mitosis process allows them to grow, getting larger through the process. Photosynthesis and cellular respiration keeps them alive while it is going through the process.  
2. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) and ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) are two important enzymes used in photosynthesis. Describe how your plants would make these enzymes if a signal was sent to the nucleus to produce more of them. (Hint: enzymes belong to which category of biomolecule?)  The way they can make more of these important enzymes is by going through the process of Transcription and Translation. Starting from the DNA, they transcribe to fit the mRNA. Then, they are taken out of the nucleus and toward the ribosomes. Which happens on the Rough Endoplasmic reticulum (ER). After that, they are later translated in the ribosome. The complex folding happens later in the Golgi Apparatus. Which creates another protein that is available for use.